Figure 6

Proposed model for changes in signal transduction. A) Down-regulation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) by Tat which modulates the phosphorylation and transcription of downstream effectors such as Ras, Raf, MEK, MAPK, and control transcription factor phosphorylation. B) Role of Tat in the increase of genes necessary for proliferation, such as Cdc2, Cdc37, and Prothymosin α, and down-regulation of differentiation genes, such as receptors, co-receptors, and signal transduction genes.