Figure 9From: The role of the C8 proton of ATP in the catalysis of shikimate kinase and adenylate kinasePhosphoryl transfer mechanism found in the shikimate kinase. Phosphoryl transfer mechanism found in shikimate kinase. The initiation of phosphoryl transfer occurs via the coordination of the ATP C6-NH2 to a carbonyl arising from the protein backbone by the “push” mechanism resulting in the protonation of C8 via the coordination of a conserved Arg. This renders the C8-H more acidic, allowing for the protonation of the α-PO4, via the conserved Thr17 carrier. There is a concomitant transfer of an H+ from the α-PO4 to β-PO4 via a conserved Arg, thereby facilitating the formation of the pentavalent intermediate between the γ-PO4 and the substrate nucleophile. There is a simultaneous ATP-mediated deprotonation of the substrate -OH, allowing for the nucleophilic attack by the substrate to create the pentavalent intermediate and allow phosphoryl transfer. A protonated Lys then transfers the proton to the γ-PO4, changing the Mg2+ from being β-PO4 to γ-PO4 coordinated to being α-PO4 to β-PO4 coordinated. The H+ originally arising from the C8 is then transferred back to C8, allowing the electron density of the adenyl moiety to return to the “ground-state” distribution.Back to article page