Figure 4

A) Charge density, B) electric field and C) electrostatic potential for water/octane at four different strengths of the applied field (left) and a lipid bilayer without salt for three different strengths of the applied field, and with salt at zero applied field (right). The properties in this figure and in figures 4 and 5 were calculated from simulations in which pores did not form, or else averaging as a function of the z-coordinate would not be possible.