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Table 2 Insulin-stimulated amino acid clearance rates during the steady state phase of the hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic euaminoacidaemic clamp in 4 normal and 4 diabetic pigs in experiment 1, when both normal and diabetic pigs were infused with an amino acid mixture (Table 1) designed for normal pigs.

From: The existence of an insulin-stimulated glucose and non-essential but not essential amino acid substrate interaction in diabetic pigs

Plasma amino acid

Normal pigs

(mL/kg·min )

Diabetic pigs

(mL/kg·min)

Essential:

  

Arginine

4.3 ± 0.8

10.4 ± 2.3*

Histidine

4.0 ± 0.8

4.2 ± 0.5

Isoleucine

5.2 ± 0.9

5.5 ± 1.6

Leucine

5.9 ± 0.9

6.8 ± 1.2

Lysine

5.6 ± 1.2

6.9 ± 0.5

Methionine

9.2 ± 1.1

16.3 ± 2.0

Phenylalanine

5.8 ± 0.8

10.2 ± 1.6*

Threonine

4.5 ± 0.4

8.9 ± 0.8

Tryptophan

2.1 ± 0.3

4.3 ± 1.2

Tyrosine

5.6 ± 0.6

19.8 ± 5.5*

Valine

2.3 ± 0.3

2.5 ± 0.7

Non-essential:

  

Alanine

2.8 ± 0.2

10.7 ± 2.8*

Asparagine

6.5 ± 0.6

15.0 ± 1.9

Aspartate

1.7 ± 0.2

4.8 ± 1.1*

Cysteine

2.4 ± 0.3

5.8 ± 1.1*

Glutamine

1.7 ± 0.1

5.1 ± 1.3*

Glutamate

4.1 ± 0.4

14.3 ± 2.1

Glycine

2.3 ± 0.3

6.6 ± 1.6*

Proline

3.9 ± 0.4

6.9 ± 0.9*

Serine

5.3 ± 0.6

14.2 ± 3.1*

  1. Mean ± SEM, * P < .05, † P < .01 and ‡ P < .001 compared to normal pigs.